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The Existence of God - Naturalistic & Biblical Arguments


Charles Ryrie states that traditionally there have been two lines of argument used to demonstrate the existence of God, the naturalistic and the biblical arguments.[1] Here I will evaluate those that fall within both the naturalistic as well as the biblical arguments.

Naturalistic Arguments

Dan Story contends that “it doesn’t take much reflection for us to realize that we exist, and we did not create ourselves. And since that’s true, it’s easy to figure out that something or someone besides ourselves brought us to be. And with a little more reflection, we can also see that the entire universe came to be in one of three possible ways: (1) it created itself; (2) it has always existed, and therefore had no Creator; or (3) it was created by something or someone outside of itself.”[2]

Cosmological Argument
A well-established philosophical principle is ex nihilo nihil fit (Latin meaning, “from nothing, nothing comes”). The idea or point of the principle is that you cannot get something out of nothing, something simply cannot derive from nothing, all one can get out of nothing is nothing. The concept of “nothing” just means “non-being” or “absence of existence.” In other words, existence does not—indeed, cannot—come from nonexistence.[4]
The cosmological argument is the argument from cause and effect which simply states that every effect must have a cause. Something cannot come out of nothing and since the cosmos (world) exists then there must be an original cause. A simple illustration will help make the point; you have a vehicle parked on your driveway; you have never seen the people who built that vehicle, yet you know they exist because the vehicle is in your driveway. Since there is an effect (the vehicle) there must be a cause (the people who built it). Since an effect has never been proven to be uncaused, or in other words, since something created has never been proven to come from nothing, the only logical and reasonable explanation is that an original cause, a supremely intelligent and powerful Being created all that is. God is that Cause, the only One who could produce such a complex and magnificent effect as the universe or the human body. By faith we understand that the universe was created by the word of God, so that what is seen was made from things that are not visible (Heb. 11:3). Here is a clear suggestion that there is nothing haphazard or accidental in the coming into being of the cosmic order. In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth (Gen. 1:1).

Teleological Argument
The teleological argument is the argument from order and design. Henry Thiessen argues that “order and useful arrangement in a system imply intelligence and purpose in the organizing cause. The universe is characterized by order and useful arrangement; therefore, the universe has an intelligent and free cause.”[5]
Everywhere you look in this universe, all you see is design, order, usefulness, harmony, and purpose which must be accounted for. Let us go back to the vehicle illustration; that vehicle parked on your driveway is not just a heap of metal and plastic, that vehicle has design, functionality, and purpose. Did that just happen, or was there a designer, an engineer behind it? We have been eyewitnesses to God’s magnificent creation; the universe declares the glory of the Master Designer.
The teleological argument points out that such intricate design and complex order simply cannot be the product of random processes and chance (which is powerless to create since it is . Rather, these characteristics indicate an intelligent being caused them. When I observe your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you set in place, what is a human being that you remember him a son of man that you look after him? (Ps. 8:3-4); The heavens declare the glory of God, and the expanse proclaims the work of his hands. Day after day they pour out speech; night after night they communicate knowledge. There is no speech; there are no words; their voice is not heard. Their message has gone out to the whole earth, and their words to the ends of the world. In the heavens he has pitched a tent for the sun (19:1-4).


Biblical Arguments


The biblical argument can be presented simply by enumerating a number of Scriptures that clearly teach the existence of God. A Bible student would do well to study these passages and even commit them to memory. This list is not meant to be exhaustive but rather a sampling of verses: Gen. 1:1; Ps. 8:3-4; 19:1-4; Isa. 40:26; Acts 14:17; Rom. 1:18-20.




[1] Charles C. Ryrie, A Survey of Bible Doctrine (Chicago: Moody, 1972), pp. 11-15.
[2] Story, D. (1997). Defending your faith (p. 23). Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Stand Firm: Apologetics and the Brilliance of the Gospel.
[5] Henry C Thiessen, Lectures in Systematic Theology, revised by Vernon D. Doerksen (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979), p. 28.

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